POLICE SYSTEM DURING NIZAM PERIOD |
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The erstwhile State of Nizam
comprised areas covered of
the present Telangana of AP
State, Bidar, Raichur and
Gulburga, districts of
present Karnataka State and
Osmanabad. Bheed, Nanded,
Latur, Aurangabad and
Parbhani districts of the
present Maharashtra State.
Hyderabad was the Capital of
Nizam. As per the available
records, the Police
Commissionerate system
existed way back from the
year 1847. The Nizam of
Hyderabad used to appoint
the Commissioners of Police
who were officers of the
Hyderabad Civil Service and
they used to function during
his pleasure. They were
answerable to the Nizam
directly on various matters
of policing in Hyderabad
city. However as far as
administrative matters were
concerned the Commissioner
of Police used to correspond
with the Home Department
directly. The commissioner
of Police was popularly
called as “KOTWAL” and was
responsible for maintenance
of law and order, prevention
of detection of crime etc.
The correspondence used to
be only in Urdu. Kotwal
enjoying a high position and
look upon with great respect
of fear had always been
appointed from an early
period and he had under him
a public force composed of
various nationalities and a
number of detectives.
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The “Kotwal” combined in his
office not only the powers
and privileges of the police
head, but also was in
enjoyment of certain
judicial and civil powers.
He had direct access to the
king and had his ears. He
was the chief adviser to the
monarch in all police
matters. He was primarily
responsible for the
maintenance of law and
order, for the prevention
and control of crime, and
prosecution of criminals. He
occupied a unique position
not only in the
administration of criminal
justice but also a very
honourable place in the
king’s “Durbars”. He
received the “Roznamachas”
(Daily reports) from the
Thanedars “about the
happening in the city, kept
a watch on the British
Residency and maintained a
number of paid informers.
The “Kotwal-e-Balda” was
both respected and feared by
the general Public. The last
of such powerful “Kotwals”
was Raja Bahadur Venkatrama
Reddy during the reign of
Nawab Mir Osman Ali Khan,
Nizam-VII. He even resolved
major litigations between
Gadwal and Wanaparthi
“samasthans” through
negotiatios. In the big “Samasthans”,
policing was being done by
the big feudal lords, who
owned vast chunks of land,
and organized their
respective police forces and
a separate judicial service. |
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The Head of the “Thana”
(Police Station) came to be
called “Amin” The rank
equivalent to inspector was
known as “Sardar Amin”. The
Assistant Commissioner of
Police and the Deputy
Commissioner were called
“Madadgar Kotwal” and “Naib
Kotwal” respectively. The
entire city police force had
distinctive uniforms and
badges of rank. At the
“Thana” level there was a
“Jemadar” (General Duty Head
Constable) and a Mohriri
(Writer Head Constable). The
Constabulary was called
Barkandaz in the beginning
and later called “Jawan”. He
was getting Rs. 6-00 in 1902
A.D. as pay and two annas
per day was his daily
allowance, whenever he had
to travel outside Hyderabad
City. |
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The Judicial system
prevailing in the city
comprised of the Diwani
Adalatas (Civil Courts) and
Faujdari Adalats i.e
Criminal Courts, Organised
in a hierarchical pettem,
having both the original and
appellate jurisdiction. The
lowest combined criminal and
civil courts under the
Munsif Magistrate with 1st
Class powers of trial at the
original level at all taluk
head quarters. |
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The prosecuting agency
consisted of Police
functionaries of inspectors
rank and so far as the city
was concerned. They were
under Naib Kotwal Seghal
Jaraim i.e. Dy. Commissioner
of Police Crime. The
strength of city police in
the early years of this
century was hardly a few
thousands, quite
commensurate with the
limited needs of the
populations of Hyderabad,
which was barely 2.5 lakhs,
enclosed within an
impregnable fort-wall
running round the city.
There were thirteen huge
gates and as many windows
which used to be closed by
the Police Armed guards from
dust to dawn, by an order of
the city Police
Commissioner. This system
ensures automatic
“Nakabandi” and no burglar
or thief having operated in
the city could dare leave
the precincts of the city
without being caught and
interrogated. The city
police budget in 1906 was a
meager few lakhs. Except for
Police Station “Thana and
outpost “Naka” buildings, of
which there was a network,
there were few
Administrative Police
Buildings. The Present
Commissioner office “Kotwal
Balda” which is more than
hundred years old is
situated in “Purana Haveli”
locality in the heart of the
old city. There were no
motor vehicles, wireless
equipments and telephone
facility. But there are many
records maintained in Urdu
at the P.S. level, a few
obsolete fire arms and
hand-cuffs and leg-lrons.
The concept of respecting
the rights of the individual
was not at all there and
criminals were dealt with
harshly to say the least.
Surveillance over criminals
was effective and “Goondas”
and rowdies were kept under
check Mostly, religious
processions and assemblies
were in evidence those days
and hardly labour or student
troubles. Strikes by
Government employees were
unheard of and hardly any
forms of protests by
political parties were
noticed. |
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In 1271 Fasll, the total
police under the control of
the kotwal composed, as it
was, of Arabs, Sikhs,
Bharkandazes and Harkaras
numbered 1524 foot men and
136 mounted and cost Rs.
82,364/- for its
maintenance. |
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In 1294 Fasll, a Detective
police force was
inaugurated. The city police
had three superior officers,
2 Muhatamims, 10 Sadar
Amins, 27 Amins, 3 Naib
Amins, 49 Sowars, 2830
Constables of all grades,
128 Arabs and 64
miscellaneous men. The
strength of the city police
rose to 3434 by the year
1337 Fasli. Cases of
corruption were very rare.
Among all the commissioner
of Police who served during
the Nizam period. Raja
Bahadur Venkatram Reddy who
worked for nearly 14 years
created a history in the
city for his outstanding
police administration and he
commanded a great respect
among the public.
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HISTORY
OF THE OLD CP OFFICE BUILDING |
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The present building, where
the Commissioner of Police,
office is situated was
donated by Sir Salarjung
Prime Minister of Hyderabad. |
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RE - ORGANISATION OF HYDERABAD CITY IN
1955 |
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A scheme for the re-organisation
of the City Police on the
lines of Madras City Police
was sanctioned by the
Government of Hyderabad with
effect from 15-07-1955 in so
far as it related to the
bifurcation of the duties
into Law and Order and Crime
and the extension of the
City Police jurisdiction to
the Muncipal limits.
Transfer of certain areas
from Hyderabad Dist and the
Railway Police to the City
Police as proposed in the
re-organisation was effected
w.e.f. July 15 1955 |
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SALIENT
FEATURES |
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Prior to the reorganization,
the circle was the unit for
administrative purposes and
after the deputation of the
sanctioned strength to the
police stations of the
Circle, the surplus staff /
was kept at the Circle
Inspectors office. The
Circles inspector arranged
for bandobust and night
patrolling duties with these
men. This was done away with
and the men at the Circle
inspector’s command were
distributed amongst the
Police stations. According
to the reorganization
scheme, each Police Stations
was to be provided with a
sanctioned strength for Law. |
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The State of Andhra Pradesh
was formed on 01-11-1956
with Capital at Kurnool.
Later the capital was
shifted to Hyderabad.
Consequent on the formation
of Andhra Pradesh State, the
conditions in the twin
cities of Hyderabad and
Secunderabad have under gone
a change and the problems of
Law and order, Crime,
Traffic and the Special
Branch in the city have
become more numerous and
difficult, which led for re-organisation.
The Hyderabad City Police
was reorganized in the year
1957 vide G.O.Ms.No.1620
Home (Pol-B) Department date
11-10-1957. |
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Accordingly the City was
divided into 4 AcsP
Division, 12-Circles and 34
Police Stations under the
supervision of DCP., Law &
Order. |
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The ACP L&O will deal with
both L&O and Crime work. The
L&O S.I. will have
administrative control over
the P.S.and he is incharge
of L&O duties. The crime
S.I.will be the incharge of
Crime work of the P.S. |
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The other units like Hqtrs.
Traffic Special Branch City,
headed by the D.Cs.P. will
work under the Commissioner
of Police. |
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RE - ORGANISATION OF CITY POLICE IN 1981 |
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Due to rapid increase in /
population,
industrialisation and
urbanization etc. there has
been a steady increase in
crime. In view of the above
again in the year 1981 the
City Police was re-organised,
vide G.O.Ms.No.341, Home (Pol.D)
Department, dated:
30-05-1981. |
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According to which the city
was divided in to 4 zones
Viz: Hyderabad South,
Hyderabad East, Hyderabad
west & Hyderabad North, the
4 zone were again dived in
to 12 divins. Each Zone is
under the incharge of D.Cs.P.
of the rank of supdt. Of
Police for maintenance of
L&O, and Crime work and
keeping up the morale of the
force, who are under the
disciplinary and
administrative control of
the Commissioner of Police,
having powers and functions
of Addl. Dist. Magistrate. |
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Each Division is under the
incharge of rank of Supdt.
Of Police, ACP of the rank
of Dy. Supdt. Of Police, who
works under the control of
DCP. He is responsible for
prevention and detection of
crimes maintenance of L&O
and discipline of the force. |
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Each Police station is under
the incharge of inspector of
Police who is the S.H.O and
performs all the duties and
exercises all the powers of
the S.H.O. |
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The city crimes station was
renamed as “Detective
Department” which works
under the D.C.P.who is
assisted by ACPs and inspecs. |
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Government have also
sanctioned in the year 1992,
3 posts Jt. Commissioner of
Police in the rank of D.Is.G.
to assist the Commissioner
of Police for effective
functioning and better
administration of City
Police each in-charged of
Co-ordination, Crimes and
Security. |
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One Sub-Inspector of Police
was to be placed incharge of
Law and Order duties and
another for Crime duties for
each Police Station. A
Divisional Detective
inspector for each Division
was provided for. In order
to achieve this functional
division it was proposed in
the scheme to increases the
number of posts of
Sub-Inspectors and Head
Constables and decrease the
number of posts of Police
Constables. |
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The present Commissioner of
Police Sri. A.K. Khan,
IPS, is the 59th
Commissioner of Hyderabad
City
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Names of the Commissioner of
Police who worked in
Hyderabad City right from
1847 are shown below
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S. NO |
NAME |
DATE OF
ASSUMPTION OF
CHARGE |
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1. |
Sri. Md. Vazir
Jamadar |
8 Dec 1847 |
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2. |
Sri. Fazzuddin
Khan |
5 Oct 1851 |
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3. |
Sri. Mohammed
Syeed Hussaini |
5 Jan 1853 |
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4. |
Sri. Nawab
Ghalib –Ud-Dawlah |
10 Nov 1853 |
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5. |
Sri. Grand
Son of
Zafar-Ud-Dawlah |
9 May 1855 |
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6. |
Sri. Nawab
Zourawar Jung |
6 June 1873 |
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7. |
Sri. Inayat
Hussain Khan |
23 Apr 1874 |
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8. |
Sri. Nawab Akber
–Ul-Mulk |
5 May 1884 |
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9. |
Sri. Vazir Ali
Nawab (Sulthan
Yawar Jung) |
8 Apr 1905 |
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10. |
Sri. K.B.Abdul
Kasim Lal Khan |
25 Apr 1912 |
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11. |
Sri. Mir Mubarak
Ali Khan |
17 Sept 1912 |
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12.
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Sri. Nawab Emad
Jung – II |
8 Nov 1912 |
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13.
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Sri. Raja
Bahadur Venkat
Rama Reddy |
23 Mar 1920 |
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14. |
Sri. Nawab
Rahmat Yar Jung
Bahadur |
1 July 1934 |
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15. |
Sri. Nawab Deen
Yar Jung Bahadur |
6 June 1945 |
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16.
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Sri. Rusthum Ji
Shapur Ji. |
1 Aug 1947 |
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17. |
Sri. S.N. Reddy
M.A, |
21 Mar 1949 |
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18. |
Sri. Shiv Kumar
Lal I.P.S., |
1 Sept 1951 |
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19. |
Sri. A. Sundaram
Pillai I.P.S., |
1 July 1953 |
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20. |
Sri. B.L.Khadar
I.P.S., |
15 May 1954 |
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21.
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Sri. C.Ranga
Swamy Iyengar
I.P.S., |
26 Sept 1954
Again 14 July
1962 |
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22 |
Sri. S. Vijaya
Rangam I.P.S., |
19 May 1957 |
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23 |
Sri. V.N. Kaliya
Rao I.P.S., |
14 May 1959
Again 22 May
1967 |
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24 |
Sri. S.P. Satur
I.P.S., |
03- Apr 1961
Again 19 Feb
1963. |
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25 |
Sri. Prahlad
Singh I.P.S., |
1 Sept 1964 |
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26 |
Sri. Abdus Salam
Khan I.P.S., |
1 Feb 1970 |
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27 |
Sri.
P.V.G.Krishnama
Charyulu I.P.S., |
14 July 1973
Again 11 June
1976 |
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28 |
Sri.
K.N.Sreenivasan
I.P.S., |
15 Dec 1975
Again 9 July
1976 |
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29 |
Sri. M.A.
Shafiullah Khan
I.P.S., |
23 Aug 1976 |
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30 |
Sri. Muni Swamy
I.P.S., |
28 Dec 1977 |
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31 |
Sri. P.V.
Pavithran I.P.S., |
22 Apr 1978 |
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32 |
Sri. C.G.
Saldanha I.P.S., |
2 May 1981 |
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33 |
Sri. P.Ponnaiya
I.P.S., |
27 Aug 1981 |
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34 |
Sri. S. Chandra
Shekaran I.P.S., |
10 Nov 1982 |
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35 |
Sri. Vijaya Rama
Rao I.P.S., |
14 Apr 1983
Again 7 Apr 1989 |
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36 |
Sri. R.Prabhakar
Rao I.P.S., |
28 Aug 1984 |
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37 |
Sri. T.Surya
Narayan Rao
I.P.S., |
05 Mar 1986 |
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38 |
Sri. V.Apparao
I.P.S., |
15 Feb 1989
Again 25 Dec
1994 |
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39 |
Sri. I. Pullanna
I.P.S., |
5 May 1990 |
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40 |
Sri.
S.V.Narasimhulu
I.P.S., (Incharge
C.P.(Addl.C.P.) |
06 July 1990 |
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41 |
Sri. G.Gurunath
Rao I.P.S., |
16 Aug 1990 |
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42 |
Sri.
M.V.Bhaskara Rao
I.P.S., |
29 Nov 1990 |
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43 |
Sri. H.J.Dora
I.P.S., |
16 Apr 1993 |
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44 |
Sri. C.Rama
Swamy I.P.S., |
30 Jun 1996 |
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45 |
Sri. R.P. Singh |
30 June 1997
Again 13 Oct
2003 |
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46 |
Sri.
S.R.Sukumara |
12 Sept 1998 |
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47 |
Sri. P.Ramulu
I.P.S., |
15 Dec 2000 |
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48 |
Sri. M.V.Krishna
Rao |
25 Feb 2002 |
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49 |
Sri. V.Dinesh
Reddy |
1 Dec 2004 |
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50 |
Sri. A.K.
Mohanty |
30 Sept 2005 |
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51 |
Sri. Balwinder
Singh |
12 Jan 2007 |
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52 |
Sri. B.Prasada
Rao, I.P.S., |
20 Jan 2008 |
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53 |
Sri. A.K. Khan, I.P.S., |
21 Jan 2010 |
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